प्रैक्टिस पेपर — BNS Chapter V — Of Offences Against Woman And Child
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1.Under the sixth description in Section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, sexual intercourse by a man with a woman amounts to rape regardless of her consent when she is:
- (A) Under twenty-one years of age
- (B) Under sixteen years of age
- (C) Under eighteen years of age
- (D) Under fifteen years of age
2.Under the proviso to Explanation 2 of Section 63 BNS, the fact that a woman did not physically resist the act of penetration:
- (A) Conclusively establishes her consent
- (B) Shall not, by reason only of that fact, be regarded as her consenting to the sexual activity
- (C) Raises a rebuttable presumption of consent
- (D) Is irrelevant only where the woman is under eighteen
3.For the aggravated forms of rape listed in Section 64(2) BNS, the expression 'imprisonment for life' shall mean—
- (A) Imprisonment for fourteen years
- (B) Imprisonment for twenty years
- (C) Imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life
- (D) Imprisonment for thirty years subject to remission
4.Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence in IPC Section 376 (Punishment for rape) of the IPC now corresponds to which section?
- (A) BNS Section 79 (Word, gesture or act intended to insult)
- (B) BNS Section 64 (Punishment for rape)
- (C) BNS Section 336 (Forgery)
- (D) BNS Section 310 (Dacoity)
5.If the accused rapes a woman who is exactly 16 years old, what does Section 65 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita provide as punishment?
- (A) Punishment under Section 65(1) (minimum 20 years to life)
- (B) Punishment under Section 65(2) (minimum 20 years to life, or death)
- (C) Both subsections apply and the harsher of the two must be imposed
- (D) Section 65 does not apply (neither sub-section covers exactly 16 years)
6.Does Section 66 apply where the victim of the injury is a man (i.e., not a woman)?
- (A) Yes — it applies to any victim regardless of sex
- (B) Yes — but only if the offence under section 64(1) or (2) involved a woman
- (C) Only if the court so directs
- (D) No — the provision expressly refers to causing the death of the woman or causing the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state
7.Who is the person specifically criminalised by Section 67 for having sexual intercourse without consent under the circumstances described?
- (A) Any person
- (B) The wife
- (C) His own husband (the husband)
- (D) Any spouse, whether husband or wife
8.What is the minimum term of rigorous imprisonment prescribed by Section 68 for the offence described therein?
- (A) Three years
- (B) Four years
- (C) Five years
- (D) Seven years
9.What is the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed under Section 69 BNS for sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means or on a false promise to marry?
- (A) Three years
- (B) Five years
- (C) Seven years
- (D) Ten years
10.Which of the following correctly distinguishes Section 69 BNS from the punishment for rape under Section 64 BNS?
- (A) Section 69 prescribes no minimum sentence and applies only where the intercourse does not amount to rape, whereas Section 64(1) mandates a minimum of ten years' rigorous imprisonment
- (B) Section 69 prescribes a higher minimum sentence than Section 64
- (C) Both sections require rigorous imprisonment of at least ten years
- (D) Section 69 applies only to public servants, whereas Section 64 applies to all persons
11.According to Section 70, what does the provision say about any fine imposed under these sub-sections?
- (A) The fine shall be paid to the State treasury
- (B) The fine shall be deposited in a central victim compensation fund
- (C) The fine is discretionary and may be waived
- (D) Any fine imposed under the sub-section shall be paid to the victim
12.Under Section 71, what does the phrase "imprisonment for life" expressly mean?
- (A) A fixed term of 14 years.
- (B) Imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life.
- (C) Imprisonment until eligibility for parole after 20 years.
- (D) Imprisonment only until death is lawfully carried out.
13.Under Section 72 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, what is the maximum term of imprisonment for printing or publishing the identity of the victim (without exception)?
- (A) Imprisonment which may extend to five years
- (B) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years
- (C) Imprisonment for life
- (D) Imprisonment which may extend to one year
14.A next of kin provides written authorisation to the chairman of a local NGO that is not recognised by the Central or State Government to publish the identity of a deceased victim. Under Section 72, is that authorisation valid?
- (A) No — the proviso allows authorisation only to the chairman or secretary of a recognised welfare institution or organisation as defined in the Explanation
- (B) Yes — any chairman of an NGO may be authorised by the next of kin
- (C) Yes — if the NGO describes itself as a welfare institution, recognition is unnecessary
- (D) No — authorisation by next of kin is never permitted for deceased victims
15.If a person prints or publishes matter relating to a proceeding before a Court (concerning an offence under section 72) after obtaining the Court's previous permission, is that act punishable under Section 73?
- (A) Yes, it remains punishable.
- (B) Yes, but only with a fine.
- (C) Yes, but only with imprisonment.
- (D) No, it is not punishable if previous permission has been obtained.
16.Which mental element satisfies Section 74 BNS?
- (A) Only a proved intention to outrage the woman's modesty
- (B) Only actual outraging of modesty, irrespective of intention
- (C) Negligence as to the woman's modesty
- (D) Either an intention to outrage her modesty or knowledge that modesty is likely to be thereby outraged
17.Which of the following acts by a man is expressly enumerated as sexual harassment under Section 75(1) BNS?
- (A) A demand or request for sexual favours
- (B) Following a woman repeatedly despite her disinterest
- (C) Watching a woman engaged in a private act
- (D) Disrobing a woman
18.Which statement about the punishment scheme of Section 75 BNS is correct?
- (A) All four clauses of Section 75(1) attract the same punishment
- (B) Clause (iv) attracts rigorous imprisonment up to three years while clauses (i)-(iii) attract only fine
- (C) Clauses (i)-(iii) carry a mandatory minimum sentence while clause (iv) carries none
- (D) Clauses (i)-(iii) attract rigorous imprisonment up to three years or fine or both, whereas clause (iv) attracts imprisonment of either description up to one year or fine or both
19.Does Section 76 cover a person who abets an act intended to disrobe a woman, even if that person did not personally assault or use criminal force?
- (A) Only if they personally assaulted the woman
- (B) Yes — abetment of such an act with that intention is covered
- (C) Yes — but only if they were physically present during the act
- (D) No — abetment is not mentioned in this section
20.Which of the following best describes the conduct prohibited by Section 77 (Voyeurism) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?
- (A) Watching or capturing the image of any person in a public place without consent.
- (B) Watching, capturing, or disseminating the image of a woman engaging in a public act where she would usually expect to be observed.
- (C) Watching, capturing, or disseminating the image of a woman engaging in a private act in circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed either by the perpetrator or by any other person at the behest of the perpetrator.
- (D) Only capturing and disseminating images of a woman in places of worship.
21.Does Section 77 apply to watching, capturing or disseminating the image of a man engaging in a private act?
- (A) Yes — the section is gender-neutral and applies to any person.
- (B) Yes — but only if the man is engaged in a sexual act.
- (C) No — the section specifically refers to the capture or watching of a woman and therefore applies to women.
- (D) No — it applies only when both the perpetrator and victim are of opposite genders.
22.Does an 'attempt to contact' a woman repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest fall within the definition of stalking under Section 78(1)?
- (A) Yes — an attempt to contact repeatedly despite clear disinterest is included
- (B) No — only actual contact is covered, not attempts
- (C) Only if the attempt results in contact
- (D) Only if the person has a prior conviction for a related offence
23.Under Section 79 (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023), what is the maximum punishment prescribed for the offence described?
- (A) Simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and also with fine
- (B) Simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and also with fine
- (C) Rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and also with fine
- (D) Fine only, without imprisonment
24.A person makes an obscene gesture aimed at bystanders to demean a woman, but did not intend that the woman herself should see the gesture. The woman nonetheless notices it and feels insulted. Under Section 79, is the actor liable for this offence?
- (A) Yes, because the woman was insulted in fact, so intention is irrelevant
- (B) No, because the provision requires intention that the gesture "shall be seen" by such woman
- (C) Yes, because any obscene gesture in the vicinity of a woman is covered
- (D) No, unless the actor also uttered words indicating intent to insult
25.Which of the following must be shown for Section 80 BNS to apply?
- (A) That the woman died of natural causes in her matrimonial home
- (B) That the husband directly inflicted the fatal injury
- (C) That soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or his relative for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry
- (D) That a dowry demand was made at any time after the marriage, even years after her death
26.What is the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by Section 81 for the offence described?
- (A) Three years
- (B) Ten years
- (C) Life imprisonment
- (D) Five years
27.Can a woman be prosecuted under Section 81 for deceiving a man into believing they are lawfully married and cohabiting?
- (A) Yes — the provision applies to anyone who deceptively induces cohabitation.
- (B) No — the provision specifically refers to "Every man" causing "any woman" to believe she is lawfully married to him.
- (C) Yes — but only if the man is not lawfully married to her.
- (D) No — because the provision only punishes deceit leading to formal marriage ceremonies.
28.A person, whose earlier spouse is alive, marries again and had concealed the earlier marriage from the new spouse. Under Section 82, what is the maximum imprisonment the person may face?
- (A) Imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years and fine.
- (B) Imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and fine.
- (C) Imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years and fine.
- (D) No imprisonment; only a declaration of nullity of marriage.
29.Under Section 83 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, what is the maximum term of imprisonment that may be imposed for going through a marriage ceremony fraudulently without being lawfully married?
- (A) Imprisonment which may extend to seven years
- (B) Imprisonment which may extend to three years
- (C) Life imprisonment
- (D) Imprisonment which may extend to fourteen years
30.Which statement best captures the mens rea requirement under Section 83 where a marriage ceremony is fraudulently gone through?
- (A) Proof of knowledge alone (knowing not lawfully married) is sufficient
- (B) Proof of dishonest or fraudulent intention alone is sufficient
- (C) Both dishonest or fraudulent intention and knowledge that he is not thereby lawfully married must be established
- (D) No mens rea is required; the mere ceremony suffices
31.If a person takes away a woman but genuinely did not know and had no reason to believe that she was married to another man, does Section 84 apply?
- (A) Yes, the offence is committed irrespective of knowledge
- (B) No, because the provision requires that he knows or has reason to believe she is another man's wife
- (C) Only if she is detained against her will
- (D) Only if the husband files a complaint
32.What is the punishment prescribed under Section 85 BNS?
- (A) Imprisonment up to three years and also liability to fine
- (B) Imprisonment of not less than seven years
- (C) Fine only
- (D) Imprisonment up to one year or fine, but not both
33.Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the offence in IPC Section 498A (Husband or relative of husband of a woma) of the IPC now corresponds to which section?
- (A) BNS Section 62 (Punishment for attempting to commit offe)
- (B) BNS Section 85 (Husband or relative of husband of a woma)
- (C) BNS Section 319 (Cheating by personation)
- (D) BNS Section 124 (Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use)
34.Does Section 86(a) require that the woman actually commit suicide or suffer grave injury before conduct is classified as 'cruelty'?
- (A) Yes, actual suicide or injury must occur for the conduct to be 'cruelty'.
- (B) Yes, unless the harassment is covered by clause (b).
- (C) No, clause (a) covers wilful conduct that is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health.
- (D) No, but only if there is written evidence of threat.
35.A person abducts a woman but claims he did not intend to compel her to marry; he did, however, know it was likely that she would be compelled to marry another. Is he punishable under Section 87?
- (A) No — punishment requires specific intent to compel marriage
- (B) Yes — knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled to marry is enough
- (C) Only if she is actually compelled to marry
- (D) Only if the offender also used criminal intimidation
36.Under Section 88, what is the maximum imprisonment where a person voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry (and the miscarriage is not caused in good faith to save the woman's life), when the woman is not 'quick with child'?
- (A) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years
- (B) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years
- (C) Life imprisonment
- (D) Death penalty
37.Someone causes the miscarriage of a woman who is 'quick with child' but did so in good faith to save her life. Which is correct under Section 88?
- (A) They are not punishable under Section 88
- (B) They are punishable with imprisonment up to seven years and fine
- (C) They are punishable with imprisonment up to three years only
- (D) Only the pregnant woman herself can invoke the good faith saving-life exception
38.If the woman is "quick with child," how does Section 89 affect the punishment for causing miscarriage without her consent?
- (A) The section applies only if the woman is not quick with child.
- (B) The section applies whether the woman is quick with child or not.
- (C) The section applies only if the woman is quick with child.
- (D) The section applies only when the woman gives consent.
39.What is the maximum punishment specified in sub-section (1) of Section 90?
- (A) Imprisonment for life
- (B) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and fine
- (C) Death penalty
- (D) Imprisonment up to seven years and fine
40.Which mental element is required for an offence under Section 91 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?
- (A) Negligence or carelessness regarding the child’s survival
- (B) Intention to prevent the child from being born alive or to cause it to die after its birth
- (C) Knowledge that the child might suffer harm
- (D) Motive to protect family honour
41.If an accused before birth intended to cause the child to die after its birth, but the act actually prevented the child from being born alive, does Section 91 apply?
- (A) No — the intention must match the exact result that occurred
- (B) Yes — but only if the accused also intended to prevent live birth
- (C) Yes — the section applies if the actor had one of the specified intentions and the act produced one of the specified results
- (D) No — the section requires both prevention of live birth and causing death after birth simultaneously
42.Does Section 92 require that the applicability depends on whether the pregnant woman is alive or dead at the time the quick unborn child is killed?
- (A) Section 92 applies only when the pregnant woman is alive
- (B) Section 92 applies only when the pregnant woman is dead
- (C) Whether the woman is alive or dead is not specified and does not determine applicability
- (D) Section 92 applies only if the woman suffered no injury
43.A parent momentarily leaves a child under twelve to fetch urgent medical help, with no intention of wholly abandoning the child. Is Section 93 applicable?
- (A) Yes, because leaving a child always attracts Section 93
- (B) Yes, because any exposure amounts to abandonment
- (C) Only if the child is left unattended for more than 24 hours
- (D) No, because the section requires an intention to wholly abandon the child
44.Which of the following acts is criminalised by Section 94 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita?
- (A) Secretly burying or otherwise disposing of the dead body of a child to intentionally conceal or endeavour to conceal the birth of that child
- (B) Publicly registering the birth of a child without the mother's consent
- (C) Concealing the birth of an adult by hiding the adult alive
- (D) Disposing of the dead body of an adult for any reason
45.Under Section 95 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, who is liable to be punished?
- (A) Whoever hires, employs or engages any child to commit an offence
- (B) Any child who is hired, employed or engaged to commit an offence
- (C) Any person who merely witnesses a child committing an offence
- (D) Any person who reports a child committing an offence to authorities
46.Under Section 96 (Procuration of child) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, what is the maximum term of imprisonment that may be imposed on conviction?
- (A) Imprisonment which may extend to five years
- (B) Imprisonment which may extend to ten years
- (C) Life imprisonment
- (D) Imprisonment which may extend to three years
47.Section 96 refers to the child being forced or seduced to illicit intercourse "with another person." Does this phrase require the seducer to be someone other than the person who induced the child?
- (A) Yes — it requires the seducer to be a different person from the inducer
- (B) No — "another person" means a person other than the child and does not exclude the inducer from being that person
- (C) It requires the seducer to be a third party unrelated to both the child and the inducer
- (D) The provision only applies if the seducer is unknown
48.Which type of property must the accused intend to take for Section 97 to apply?
- (A) Immovable property only
- (B) Both movable and immovable property
- (C) Neither movable nor immovable property
- (D) Movable property only
49.Under Explanation 1 to Section 98, when a female under eighteen years is sold to a prostitute or to a person who keeps or manages a brothel, who bears the burden to disprove that she was disposed of with intent that she be used for prostitution?
- (A) The prosecution must prove the intent beyond reasonable doubt despite the explanation
- (B) The person who disposed of her must prove the contrary (i.e., rebut the presumption)
- (C) The court must assume innocence and cannot draw any presumption
- (D) The purchaser (prostitute or brothel-keeper) must prove the intent did not exist
50.What is the minimum punishment prescribed by Section 99 for the offence of buying a child for prostitution or similar purposes?
- (A) Imprisonment which may extend to seven years and fine.
- (B) Imprisonment for life with fine.
- (C) Imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to fourteen years, and also liable to fine.
- (D) Only a fine with no minimum imprisonment.
उत्तर कुंजी
व्याख्याएँ
- 1. (C) Description (vi) of Section 63 provides that the act is rape with or without her consent when the woman is under eighteen years of age. Consent of a woman below eighteen is thus immaterial under the section.
- 2. (B) Explanation 2 defines consent as an unequivocal voluntary agreement communicated by words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication. Its proviso expressly states that a woman who does not physically resist the act of penetration shall not, by reason only of that fact, be regarded as consenting to the sexual activity.
- 3. (C) Section 64(2) BNS expressly states that imprisonment for life under that sub-section 'shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life'. This stricter meaning is a distinguishing feature of the aggravated categories in sub-section (2).
- 4. (B) IPC Section 376 (Punishment for rape) maps to BNS Section 64 (Punishment for rape) in the BNS.
- 5. (D) Section 65(1) covers a woman 'under sixteen years of age' and Section 65(2) covers one 'under twelve years of age.' A person who is exactly sixteen is not 'under sixteen,' so neither sub-section applies under the literal wording.
- 6. (D) The provision specifically refers to "the death of the woman" or causing "the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state." It therefore applies to injuries causing those outcomes to a woman, not to a man.
- 7. (C) The section begins with "Whoever has sexual intercourse with his own wife," identifying the offender as the husband (his own wife). The provision thus targets the husband having intercourse with his wife living separately without her consent.
- 8. (C) The section provides punishment 'with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than five years, but which may extend to ten years,' so the minimum term is five years.
- 9. (D) Section 69 BNS punishes such sexual intercourse with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years. The offender shall also be liable to fine.
- 10. (A) Section 69 provides imprisonment of either description which 'may extend to ten years' with no statutory minimum, and operates only where the intercourse does not amount to rape. Section 64(1), in contrast, mandates rigorous imprisonment of not less than ten years, extendable to life.
- 11. (D) Both sub-sections contain a proviso stating that "any fine imposed under this sub-section shall be paid to the victim," so the law requires that fines be paid to the victim.
- 12. (B) The provision defines imprisonment for life to mean "imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life." This is an express definition in the text of Section 71.
- 13. (B) Section 72(1) states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to fine." This makes two years the maximum term specified in the provision.
- 14. (A) The proviso to Section 72(2)(c) restricts next of kin authorisation to the chairman or secretary "of any recognised welfare institution or organisation," and the Explanation clarifies recognised institutions are those "recognised in this behalf by the Central Government or the State Government." An unrecognised NGO therefore does not meet this condition.
- 15. (D) Section 73 penalises printing or publishing such matter "without the previous permission of such Court," implying that if previous permission is obtained, the prohibited condition is absent and the act is not made punishable by this section.
- 16. (D) Section 74 applies to one who assaults or uses criminal force 'intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage her modesty'. Thus either intention or knowledge of likelihood suffices as mens rea.
- 17. (A) Section 75(1) enumerates four acts: physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; a demand or request for sexual favours; showing pornography against the will of a woman; and making sexually coloured remarks. Stalking, voyeurism and disrobing are dealt with under other provisions.
- 18. (D) Section 75 creates a two-tier scheme: sub-section (2) punishes the acts in clauses (i) to (iii) with rigorous imprisonment up to three years, or fine, or both, while sub-section (3) punishes sexually coloured remarks under clause (iv) with imprisonment of either description up to one year, or fine, or both. Neither tier prescribes a mandatory minimum.
- 19. (B) The provision expressly includes whoever "assaults or uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked." Therefore abetment with the requisite intention is covered even without personally committing the assault.
- 20. (C) Section 77 criminalises whoever watches, or captures the image of a woman engaging in a private act in circumstances where she would usually expect not to be observed, or disseminates such image. The provision specifically describes watching, capturing or disseminating such images of a woman in those privacy circumstances.
- 21. (C) The operative text of Section 77 repeatedly refers to ‘the image of a woman,’ so the offence as worded applies to images of women. The provision does not textually extend the offence to images of men.
- 22. (A) Section 78(1)(i) includes 'contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest'—so repeated attempts to contact despite clear disinterest are within the definition of stalking.
- 23. (A) The provision states that the offender "shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and also with fine." Therefore the maximum sentence is simple imprisonment up to three years plus fine.
- 24. (B) Section 79 criminalises making a gesture "intending that such... gesture... shall be seen, by such woman." If the actor did not intend the woman to see the gesture, the specific requirement in the provision is not met, so liability under this section would not arise on that basis.
- 25. (C) Section 80(1) requires it to be shown that 'soon before her death' the woman was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry. It is not necessary to prove that the husband directly inflicted the fatal injury, since the section deems him or the relative to have caused the death.
- 26. (B) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus the maximum term is ten years.
- 27. (B) The provision's language begins with "Every man" and describes causing "any woman" to believe she is lawfully married to him; thus it is framed with the man as the perpetrator and the woman as the victim. It does not, on its face, provide for a female perpetrator.
- 28. (C) Section 82(2) provides that whoever commits the offence under sub-section (1) having concealed the former marriage shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Thus concealment raises the maximum to ten years.
- 29. (A) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus the maximum term is seven years.
- 30. (C) The provision specifies both elements: acting "dishonestly or with a fraudulent intention" and "knowing that he is not thereby lawfully married." Therefore both must be established for the offence.
- 31. (B) Section 84 requires that the offender "knows or has reason to believe" the woman to be the wife of another man. Absent that knowledge or reasonable belief, the mental element in the provision is not satisfied.
- 32. (A) Section 85 provides for imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and the offender 'shall also be liable to fine'. There is no mandatory minimum term of imprisonment.
- 33. (B) IPC Section 498A (Husband or relative of husband of a woma) maps to BNS Section 85 (Husband or relative of husband of a woma) in the BNS.
- 34. (C) Section 86(a) refers to "any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger...", so actual suicide or injury is not required; the likelihood or danger suffices.
- 35. (B) Section 87 covers kidnapping/abduction done "with intent that she may be compelled, or knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled, to marry any person against her will." Therefore knowledge that compulsion is likely suffices for liability even if direct intent to compel is denied.
- 36. (A) The provision states that one who voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry, if not done in good faith to save her life, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years (or with fine, or with both). Thus the maximum term in the non-quick case is three years.
- 37. (A) The section punishes acts only when they are 'not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman.' Thus even if the woman is 'quick with child,' if the miscarriage was caused in good faith to save her life, the person is not punishable under Section 88.
- 38. (B) The provision explicitly states "whether the woman is quick with child or not," meaning the specified punishment applies irrespective of whether the woman is quick with child. Thus quickening does not change applicability.
- 39. (B) Sub-section (1) prescribes punishment with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. That is the maximum term mentioned in sub-section (1).
- 40. (B) The provision begins: "Whoever before the birth of any child does any act with the intention of thereby preventing that child from being born alive or causing it to die after its birth..." Thus the required mental element is the specified intention, not mere negligence or motive.
- 41. (C) The text criminalises whoever before birth "does any act with the intention of thereby preventing that child from being born alive or causing it to die after its birth, and does by such act prevent that child from being born alive, or causes it to die after its birth." Thus the provision requires one of the listed intentions and one of the listed results; it does not require the intention and the particular result to be identical.
- 42. (C) The text requires an act under circumstances that would amount to culpable homicide if it caused death and that the act causes the death of a quick unborn child; it does not condition liability on the woman being alive or dead (illustration shows the woman survives).
- 43. (D) Section 93 criminalises exposing or leaving a child "with the intention of wholly abandoning such child." If there is no such intention (for example, a temporary absence to fetch help), the element required by the provision is missing and the section would not apply on its text.
- 44. (A) Section 94 specifically criminalises "secretly burying or otherwise disposing of the dead body of a child ..." with the intention to conceal or endeavour to conceal the birth of such child. The text refers expressly to the dead body of a child, not adults or public acts.
- 45. (A) The section begins: "Whoever hires, employs or engages any child to commit an offence shall be punished..." It therefore expressly penalises the person who hires, employs or engages the child, not the child or a mere witness/reporter.
- 46. (B) The provision states the offender "shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine." Therefore the maximum term specified is ten years.
- 47. (B) The provision criminalises inducing a child so that the child may be "forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person." The wording identifies the partner as another person relative to the child but does not, on its face, exclude the inducer from being that person; it does not state the seducer must be distinct from the inducer.
- 48. (D) The text specifies an intention of taking dishonestly "any movable property from the person of such child," so the offence is concerned with movable property only.
- 49. (B) Explanation 1 provides that where a female under eighteen is sold to a prostitute or brothel-keeper, "the person so disposing of such female shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have disposed of her with the intent that she shall be used for the purpose of prostitution." Thus the disposer must prove the contrary.
- 50. (C) Section 99 prescribes punishment of "imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine." This states both the minimum and maximum terms and the liability to fine.