सं Samvidhan

Constitution · Part III

Fundamental Rights — MCQs with answers

150 exam-style questions on this part, written from the actual legal text and tagged for UPSC, Judiciary and CLAT. Five are shown below with answers and explanations — the rest are in the free interactive drill.

Q1 · easy · Article 12

The definition of 'the State' in Article 12 applies for the purposes of:

  1. A.The whole Constitution
  2. B.Part IV only
  3. C.This Part (Part III, Fundamental Rights)✓ correct
  4. D.All laws in force in India

Why: Article 12 opens with 'In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires', confining the definition to the Part in which it occurs. It is not a definition for the entire Constitution.

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Q2 · easy · Article 12

Which of the following is expressly included in 'the State' under Article 12?

  1. A.Political parties
  2. B.The Government and Parliament of India✓ correct
  3. C.Registered societies of private individuals
  4. D.Foreign governments operating in India

Why: Article 12 expressly includes 'the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities'. The other options find no mention in the text.

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Q3 · medium · Article 12

Under Article 12, 'local or other authorities' are covered if they are:

  1. A.Within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India✓ correct
  2. B.Only within the territory of India
  3. C.Only under the control of State Governments
  4. D.Created by Parliament alone

Why: Article 12 covers 'all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India'. The two limbs are alternatives, so an authority outside India but under the control of the Government of India is also included.

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Q4 · medium · Article 12

The definition of 'the State' in Article 12 operates:

  1. A.Absolutely, in every context without exception
  2. B.Only when a statute expressly adopts it
  3. C.Only during a proclamation of emergency
  4. D.Unless the context otherwise requires✓ correct

Why: Article 12 begins 'In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires', so the definition yields where the context indicates a different meaning. It is therefore not an absolute definition.

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Q5 · hard · Article 12

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the text of Article 12?

  1. A.It refers to the Parliament of each State and the Legislature of India
  2. B.It expressly includes the Supreme Court and High Courts as 'the State'
  3. C.It refers to the Parliament of India but to the Legislature of each of the States✓ correct
  4. D.It uses the word 'means', making the definition exhaustive

Why: Article 12 speaks of 'the Government and Parliament of India' and 'the Government and the Legislature of each of the States' — the Union has a Parliament while States have Legislatures. The article uses 'includes', not 'means', and does not mention courts.

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145 more questions on Fundamental Rights

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Questions are AI-generated from the legal text, machine-verified against the provision, and editorially reviewable. Education, not legal advice.