सं Samvidhan

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Section 477A

repealed

Falsification of accounts

Why this exists

Added to the Indian Penal Code in 1895 to address a growing problem the original forgery sections didn't fully cover: employees quietly manipulating their employer's account books to hide theft or fraud. Since accounting fraud can go undetected for years and cause huge financial losses, this section specifically targets clerks, officers, and other staff who abuse their access to company records. The IPC was repealed on 1 July 2024 and replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which now governs these offences.