Any argument or insult counts as grave provocation excusing physical force.

Grave and sudden provocation has a specific legal meaning; ordinary arguments or insults generally do not qualify, so shoving or hitting someone over a verbal dispute still falls under this basic punishment.

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Section 352

repealed

Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.§

Why this exists

This is the general, baseline punishment for ordinary assault or criminal force that does not fall under any of the more specific or aggravated categories, such as assault on a public servant or assault on a woman with intent to outrage modesty. It also builds in an exception: force used in immediate response to grave provocation from the victim is treated differently.

Common misconceptions

Myth: Any argument or insult counts as grave provocation excusing physical force.
Fact: Grave and sudden provocation has a specific legal meaning; ordinary arguments or insults generally do not qualify, so shoving or hitting someone over a verbal dispute still falls under this basic punishment.