Practice paper — IPC Chapter 17 — Offences Against Property Theft
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1.Which of the following is an essential element of theft under Section 378 IPC as stated in the provision text?
- (A) Dishonest intention to take movable property out of another’s possession without that person’s consent and moving the property
- (B) Causing physical injury to the owner while taking the property
- (C) Taking immovable property such as land or buildings
- (D) A written agreement transferring ownership without consent
2.Does Section 379 IPC permit imprisonment in excess of three years for theft?
- (A) No; maximum imprisonment is three years under the section
- (B) Yes; court can impose life imprisonment in addition to the section
- (C) Yes; imprisonment may exceed three years if a fine is also imposed
- (D) No; the section prescribes only fine, not imprisonment
3.If a person is not formally appointed as a clerk but is employed 'in the capacity of a clerk' and steals property that is in the possession of his employer, does Section 381 apply?
- (A) Yes, because the text includes persons 'employed in the capacity of a clerk or servant'
- (B) No, because only formally appointed clerks are covered
- (C) Yes, but only if the employer explicitly gave authority to handle that property
- (D) No, because the provision applies only to masters, not employers
4.Under Section 383, whom must the accused put in fear of injury to constitute extortion?
- (A) Only the person who is ultimately deprived of the property.
- (B) Only a third person (not the person deprived).
- (C) Either the person so deprived or any other person (i.e., fear of injury to that person or to any other).
- (D) Only a public official or state authority.
5.If a court imposes both imprisonment and fine under Section 384, which statement about the maximum imprisonment term is correct?
- (A) The imprisonment may extend to three years (and not beyond)
- (B) The imprisonment may exceed three years because a fine is also imposed
- (C) The imprisonment is limited to one year when combined with a fine
- (D) The provision is silent about imprisonment if a fine is also imposed
6.Would a threat that causes fear only of loss of property (and not of death or grievous hurt) fall within Section 386 IPC?
- (A) No — Section 386 requires fear of death or grievous hurt
- (B) Yes — any fear used for extortion is covered
- (C) Only if accompanied by physical assault
- (D) Only if the property loss is substantial
7.What is the maximum punishment prescribed under Section 388 IPC?
- (A) Imprisonment up to 3 years and fine
- (B) Imprisonment up to 7 years and fine
- (C) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and fine
- (D) Life imprisonment
8.According to Section 390 IPC, when does a theft become 'robbery'?
- (A) When, in order to committing the theft, or in committing it, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away the stolen property, the offender voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death, hurt, wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death/hurt/wrongful restraint to any person.
- (B) When the offender steals property worth more than a specified monetary threshold.
- (C) When the offender commits theft in a public place in the presence of at least two witnesses.
- (D) When the offender commits theft using a weapon, regardless of causing fear or hurt.
9.Is a person aiding a robbery from a remote location (not physically present) counted towards the number required for dacoity under Section 391 IPC?
- (A) Yes, remote aid always counts toward the total
- (B) Yes, but only if they direct the robbery
- (C) No, unless they later come to the scene
- (D) No, the provision counts only persons present and aiding
10.Which of the following correctly describes the punishments under Section 393 IPC for an attempt to commit robbery?
- (A) Fine only
- (B) Rigorous imprisonment only
- (C) Rigorous imprisonment (up to seven years) and also liable to fine
- (D) Simple imprisonment and fine
11.Under Section 395 IPC, what is the maximum term of rigorous imprisonment (other than life imprisonment) that may be imposed for dacoity?
- (A) Life imprisonment
- (B) Ten years' rigorous imprisonment
- (C) Seven years' rigorous imprisonment
- (D) Three years' rigorous imprisonment
12.In a case where five or more persons are conjointly committing dacoity and one of them commits murder in the course of the dacoity, who is punishable under Section 396?
- (A) Only the person who actually committed the murder
- (B) Only those who directly aided the murderer
- (C) Every one of the persons conjointly committing the dacoity
- (D) Only those identified by the prosecution as present at the exact spot of murder
13.If an offender attempts robbery while armed only with a non-deadly weapon, does the minimum sentence under Section 398 IPC apply?
- (A) Yes, it applies to all kinds of weapons whether deadly or not
- (B) No, since the provision requires the offender to be armed with a deadly weapon
- (C) Yes, but only if the weapon was actually used to injure someone
- (D) No, it applies only when the offence is dacoity and not robbery
14.According to Section 400, Indian Penal Code, what is the maximum punishment that may be imposed on a person who belongs to a gang described in the provision?
- (A) Imprisonment for life
- (B) Rigorous imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years
- (C) Death penalty
- (D) Fine only
15.Under Section 402 IPC, what is the minimum number of persons whose assembly for the purpose of committing dacoity triggers the offence?
- (A) Three persons
- (B) Four persons
- (C) Five persons
- (D) Six persons
16.Is imprisonment mandatory under Section 403 IPC?
- (A) Yes — imprisonment is mandatory for every conviction under this section
- (B) No — imprisonment is not mandatory; the court may impose a fine alone or both imprisonment and fine
- (C) Imprisonment is mandatory unless the court orders otherwise in writing
- (D) Only a fine may be imposed; imprisonment is not permitted
17.Under Section 405 IPC, when does using or disposing of entrusted property in violation of a legal direction or contract amount to criminal breach of trust?
- (A) Always — any violation of a direction of law or contract by the entrustee is criminal breach of trust.
- (B) Only when the use or disposal is dishonest in addition to violating the direction of law or contract.
- (C) Only when the violation causes financial loss to the trustor.
- (D) Only when the violation is expressly mentioned as a crime in some other statute.
18.What is the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by Section 407 IPC for criminal breach of trust by a carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-keeper?
- (A) Five years
- (B) Ten years
- (C) Seven years
- (D) Three years
19.A person is a clerk but property was entrusted to him in his personal capacity, not in his capacity as a clerk. Under Section 408 IPC, is he punishable under this section?
- (A) Yes — being a clerk is sufficient regardless of the capacity of entrustment
- (B) No — the entrustment must be "in such capacity" (i.e., as clerk or servant) for Section 408 to apply
- (C) Yes — if the value of property exceeds a statutory threshold
- (D) No — because Section 408 applies only to public servants
20.A thing was criminally misappropriated outside India and remains in the hands of a third party who is not the legally entitled possessor. Under Section 410 IPC, is it designated as "stolen property" while not in the legally entitled person's possession?
- (A) Yes — it is designated as 'stolen property' until the legally entitled person obtains possession
- (B) No — property misappropriated abroad is not designated as 'stolen property'
- (C) Only if the property is brought into India does it become 'stolen property'
- (D) Only if the third party knowingly deals in stolen goods does it become 'stolen property'
21.What punishment does Section 412 prescribe for the offence?
- (A) Imprisonment for life only
- (B) Fine only
- (C) Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and also liable to fine
- (D) Death or imprisonment for ten years
22.Under Section 414 IPC, what is the maximum term of imprisonment for voluntarily assisting in concealment of stolen property?
- (A) One year
- (B) Three years
- (C) Seven years
- (D) Life imprisonment
23.If a deception induces a person to act but no actual damage occurs, however the act was likely to cause harm, does Section 415's definition of "cheat" apply?
- (A) No — actual damage must have occurred for cheating.
- (B) Only if the deception involved obtaining property.
- (C) Yes — the provision covers acts which "cause or are likely to cause" damage or harm.
- (D) Yes — but only when the likely harm is to the person's body.
24.Can a court impose both imprisonment and a fine together under Section 417?
- (A) Yes, both imprisonment and fine may be imposed together
- (B) No, only imprisonment may be imposed
- (C) No, only a fine may be imposed
- (D) Only one of the two may be imposed, not both
25.Under Section 419 IPC, what is the maximum term of imprisonment that may be imposed for cheating by personation?
- (A) One year
- (B) Three years
- (C) Five years
- (D) Seven years
26.If A cheats B and B, believing the deception, destroys a signed document that is capable of being converted into a valuable security, can A be punished under Section 420 IPC even though no property was delivered to any person?
- (A) Yes. Section 420 includes inducing the person to "make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuable security"
- (B) No. Section 420 applies only where property is delivered to some person
- (C) Only if the destroyed document had already been negotiated as a security
- (D) Only if property was also delivered as a result of the deception
27.Does Section 422 IPC apply when the debt is due to any person other than the wrongdoer?
- (A) It applies only where the debt is due to the wrongdoer himself
- (B) It applies only where the debt is due to a public authority
- (C) It applies where the debt is due to himself or to any other person
- (D) It applies only where no person is named as creditor
28.Under Section 424 IPC, which of the following acts is expressly made an offence?
- (A) Stealing property from another person.
- (B) Dishonestly or fraudulently concealing or removing any property of himself or any other person, assisting in such concealment/removal, or dishonestly releasing any demand or claim to which he is entitled.
- (C) Merely temporarily hiding property with honest intention.
- (D) Failure to pay a debt owed to the State.
29.Is an unexecuted intention (an intention to cause wrongful loss that is never carried out) sufficient by itself to constitute 'mischief' under Section 425?
- (A) Yes — mere intention to cause wrongful loss is enough to constitute mischief
- (B) No — the provision requires that the person 'causes' destruction or change; mere unexecuted intention is not mischief
- (C) Only if the intention was formed with knowledge that loss was likely
- (D) Only if the intended loss would have been to the public rather than an individual
30.Which of the following punishments is NOT provided as an option under Section 427 IPC?
- (A) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years
- (B) Fine
- (C) Death penalty
- (D) Both imprisonment and fine
31.What is the maximum term of imprisonment provided by Section 429 IPC for committing mischief by killing or maiming the animals specified?
- (A) One year
- (B) Three years
- (C) Seven years
- (D) Five years
32.Does Section 430 IPC require the actor to 'know' his act will diminish water supply in every case to attract punishment?
- (A) Yes — the actor must always know his act is likely to cause diminution
- (B) No — knowledge is never required; only the act matters
- (C) No — the section punishes any act that causes diminution without knowledge, and also acts which the actor knows are likely to cause diminution
- (D) Yes — only intentional acts are punishable, not those that actually cause diminution
33.A person, without being aware, does an act that causes an inundation of a public drainage and damage results. Can he be punished under Section 432 IPC?
- (A) Yes, because the section covers acts which 'cause' an inundation attended with damage regardless of knowledge
- (B) No, because knowledge that the act was likely to cause inundation is required
- (C) Only if it is proved he intended the damage
- (D) No, unless the act was an obstruction rather than an inundation
34.What is the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by Section 434 IPC?
- (A) Two years
- (B) One year
- (C) Six months
- (D) Life imprisonment
35.Which of the following correctly states the penal consequences under Section 435 IPC?
- (A) Only a fine is prescribed; imprisonment is not mentioned.
- (B) Only imprisonment (up to seven years) is prescribed; fine is not mentioned.
- (C) Both imprisonment (which may extend to seven years) and liability to fine are prescribed.
- (D) Either imprisonment or a fine may be imposed at the court's discretion, but not both.
36.Would damage intentionally caused to an undecked vessel of fifteen tons fall within Section 437?
- (A) No, because the vessel is not decked and is under twenty tons
- (B) Yes, because any intentional damage to any vessel is covered
- (C) Only if the person intended to destroy the vessel completely
- (D) Yes, but the person would only be liable to a fine, not imprisonment
37.What is the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by Section 439 IPC for the offence described?
- (A) Imprisonment for life.
- (B) Imprisonment which may extend to three years.
- (C) Imprisonment for seven years with optional fine.
- (D) Imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and also liable to fine.
38.Under Section 441, which of the following best describes the physical act required to commit criminal trespass?
- (A) Entering into or upon property in the possession of another.
- (B) Merely approaching the boundary of the property without crossing it.
- (C) Being present in a public place adjacent to the property.
- (D) Sending a threatening message about the property without entering it.
39.Which of the following scenarios falls within 'house‑trespass' as defined in Section 442 IPC?
- (A) Entering an open field without permission.
- (B) Remaining in a public park after closing hours.
- (C) Entering a shop to purchase goods without paying.
- (D) Entering a warehouse used for the custody of goods without permission.
40.If a person commits lurking house-trespass at the exact moment of sunrise, does Section 444 label it 'lurking house-trespass by night'?
- (A) Yes — sunrise is included in night-time under Section 444
- (B) Yes — any act close to sunrise counts as by night
- (C) Only if sunrise is not visually observable
- (D) No — the provision specifies 'after sunset and before sunrise', excluding the exact moment of sunrise
41.According to Section 446 IPC, when is an act described as "house-breaking by night"?
- (A) When house-breaking is committed after sunset and before sunrise.
- (B) When house-breaking is committed between sunrise and sunset.
- (C) When house-breaking is committed at any time of the day.
- (D) When house-breaking is committed only at midnight.
42.Which phrase in Section 447 IPC describes the kind of imprisonment that may be imposed for criminal trespass?
- (A) Simple imprisonment only
- (B) Imprisonment of either description
- (C) Rigorous imprisonment only
- (D) Imprisonment for a minimum of three months
43.If a person commits house-trespass with the intention of committing an offence punishable with death but the subsequent offence is not actually committed, does Section 449 apply?
- (A) No — the subsequent offence must be completed for Section 449 to apply
- (B) Yes — Section 449 applies because it punishes house-trespass committed in order to committing such an offence
- (C) Only if there is an attempt to commit the subsequent offence
- (D) Only if the trespasser is convicted for another offence
44.Under Section 451 IPC, what is the prescribed punishment for committing house-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment?
- (A) Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and also liable to fine
- (B) Imprisonment for a minimum of two years without fine
- (C) Only a fine, no imprisonment
- (D) Imprisonment for life
45.How should the phrase "having made preparation" in Section 452 IPC be understood with respect to timing of that preparation?
- (A) It means preparation can be made after the house-trespass
- (B) It indicates the preparation was made prior to committing the house-trespass
- (C) It means preparation and trespass must be simultaneous acts
- (D) The section is silent on timing and allows any timing
46.Does Section 454 IPC require that the offence which the offender intended to commit (by lurking house-trespass or house-breaking) must actually be completed for Section 454 to apply?
- (A) Yes — the intended offence must be completed for Section 454 to apply.
- (B) Only if the intended offence involves violence against a person.
- (C) No — Section 454 punishes committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking done "in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment," irrespective of whether that offence was completed.
- (D) Only if the offender is apprehended during the commission of the intended offence.
47.Which of the following offences are specifically covered by Section 456 IPC?
- (A) Lurking house-trespass by night and house-breaking by night
- (B) House-trespass by day and house-breaking by day
- (C) Any house-trespass irrespective of time
- (D) Attempted theft in a public place at night
48.Which combination of elements is required for liability under Section 457 IPC as per its text?
- (A) Only that there was house‑breaking or lurking (by night)
- (B) Only that the offender intended to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
- (C) That there was night‑time house‑breaking or lurking and that the offender actually committed the intended offence
- (D) That there was night‑time house‑breaking or lurking and it was done in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
49.If a person causes death while committing lurking house-trespass, does Section 459 IPC, as worded, necessarily apply?
- (A) Yes, causing death is expressly covered by Section 459
- (B) No, Section 459 mentions causing grievous hurt or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt, but does not expressly state causing death
- (C) Yes, because grievous hurt always includes causing death
- (D) No, Section 459 only applies where only attempt to cause hurt has occurred
50.What type of receptacle does Section 461 apply to?
- (A) Any receptacle whether open or closed
- (B) A receptacle that is closed
- (C) Only receptacles that are locked with a key
- (D) Only receptacles containing immovable property
Answer key
Explanations
- 1. (A) Section 378 defines theft as occurring when a person, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order to such taking. Thus dishonest intention, movable property, absence of consent and moving the property are essential elements.
- 2. (A) The provision specifies imprisonment "for a term which may extend to three years," which caps the imprisonment under this section at three years. The section also expressly contemplates imprisonment (so it is not limited to fines).
- 3. (A) The provision explicitly covers 'being employed in the capacity of a clerk or servant', so a person employed in that capacity falls within Section 381 when he commits theft of property in his master's or employer's possession.
- 4. (C) The provision states 'puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other', which means the fear may be of injury to the person concerned or to any other person. There is no requirement that the fear be limited to public officials.
- 5. (A) Section 384 states punishment is imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Even when both are imposed the imprisonment term is governed by the same limit — it may extend to three years and not beyond.
- 6. (A) Section 386 specifically refers to putting a person in fear of death or of grievous hurt; threats causing fear only of property loss are not within the terms of this provision.
- 7. (C) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus the maximum term is ten years (either rigorous or simple) plus fine.
- 8. (A) The provision defines theft as 'robbery' if the offender, for the purpose of committing, or while committing, or while carrying away stolen property, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death, hurt, wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death/hurt/wrongful restraint. Monetary amount, number of witnesses, or mere use of a weapon without these effects are not in the definition.
- 9. (D) The provision explicitly refers to 'persons present and aiding such commission or attempt' when adding to the number that makes up five or more. It therefore specifies presence as part of the counted category.
- 10. (C) Section 393 provides: the offender "shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus both rigorous imprisonment (up to seven years) and liability to fine are provided.
- 11. (B) Section 395 provides that whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years; thus the maximum specified for rigorous imprisonment is ten years.
- 12. (C) The provision states that if one of five or more persons commits murder while committing dacoity, "every one of those persons shall be punished", meaning all members of the dacoity are liable under Section 396.
- 13. (B) Section 398 specifies that the offender must be 'armed with any deadly weapon' for the minimum imprisonment to apply. If the weapon is non-deadly, the textual requirement of the provision is not met, so this minimum does not apply.
- 14. (A) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years," so the maximum punishment expressly mentioned is imprisonment for life.
- 15. (C) The provision applies when a person "shall be one of five or more persons assembled for the purpose of committing dacoity." This makes five the minimum number required for the offence under this section.
- 16. (B) Section 403 provides punishment "with imprisonment... for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both," so imprisonment is not mandatory; the court may impose a fine alone or imprisonment, or both.
- 17. (B) The section requires that the entrustee 'dishonestly uses or disposes off that property in violation of any direction of law ... or of any legal contract' to constitute criminal breach of trust. Thus mere violation is not enough; the act must be dishonest.
- 18. (C) The section states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years", so the maximum term specified is seven years.
- 19. (B) Section 408 specifies liability where a person is "being a clerk or servant ... and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property." The entrustment must be in the capacity of clerk or servant; entrustment in a personal capacity would therefore not satisfy the specific requirement of this section.
- 20. (A) Section 410 declares property criminally misappropriated to be 'stolen property' and specifies this applies 'whether ... within or without India.' The proviso shows it ceases to be stolen property only when it comes into the possession of the person legally entitled.
- 21. (C) The provision states the offender 'shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.' Therefore both life imprisonment (as an option) or up to ten years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine are prescribed.
- 22. (B) The provision states punishment with "imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years", so the maximum term specified is three years.
- 23. (C) The provision expressly states the inducement must cause or be likely to cause damage or harm. Therefore, likelihood of harm (even absent actual damage) is sufficient to fall within the definition of "cheat."
- 24. (A) Section 417 provides punishment 'with imprisonment ... or with fine, or with both,' which authorizes imposing both imprisonment and a fine together.
- 25. (B) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years." This limits the maximum imprisonment to three years.
- 26. (A) The provision expressly criminalises cheating that dishonestly induces the deceived person "to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuable security." Therefore inducing destruction of such a document is covered even if no separate delivery of property took place.
- 27. (C) The provision covers “any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person,” so it expressly applies whether the debt is due to the offender or to another person. The text therefore includes debts due to third parties.
- 28. (B) Section 424 makes it an offence to "dishonestly or fraudulently conceals or removes any property of himself or any other person, or dishonestly or fraudulently assists in the concealment or removal thereof, or dishonestly releases any demand or claim to which he is entitled." The correct option restates these acts from the provision.
- 29. (B) The wording of Section 425 refers to 'Whoever ... causes the destruction of any property, or any such change ...' and couples that causation with intent or knowledge. Therefore mere intention without causing the destructive change is not within the offence as defined.
- 30. (C) Section 427 provides punishment by imprisonment (either description) up to two years, or with fine, or with both. It does not provide for the death penalty, so that option is not included in the section.
- 31. (D) The provision states punishment by imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both. Thus the maximum term specified is five years.
- 32. (C) The provision punishes an act 'which causes, or which he knows to be likely to cause, a diminution...' This means an act that in fact causes diminution is punished irrespective of the actor's knowledge, while an act that only is likely to cause diminution is punished only if the actor knows it is likely to do so.
- 33. (A) Section 432 punishes whoever commits mischief by doing any act 'which causes' an inundation ... attended with injury or damage, or 'which he knows to be likely to cause' such inundation. Thus actual causation of an inundation attended with damage is sufficient even if the actor lacked prior knowledge.
- 34. (B) Section 434 states punishment with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both. Thus the maximum term specified is one year.
- 35. (C) Section 435 states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine." Thus both imprisonment (up to seven years) and liability to fine are prescribed.
- 36. (A) Section 437 applies to "any decked vessel or any vessel of a burden of twenty tons or upwards." An undecked vessel of fifteen tons meets neither criterion, so it is not covered by this provision. The text does not make all vessels liable regardless of deck or tonnage.
- 37. (D) The provision specifies punishment: "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus the maximum term is ten years and liability to fine is also prescribed.
- 38. (A) Section 441 defines criminal trespass as whoever "enters into or upon property in the possession of another" with certain intents. The provision requires entry into or upon the property in the possession of another.
- 39. (D) Section 442 specifically covers entering into or remaining in 'any building used ... as a place for the custody of property.' A warehouse used for custody of goods therefore falls within the definition of house‑trespass if criminal trespass is committed.
- 40. (D) The provision specifies the period as 'after sunset and before sunrise', so an act at the exact moment of sunrise is not described by that wording as 'by night'.
- 41. (A) Section 446 defines "house-breaking by night" as house-breaking committed after sunset and before sunrise. The provision expressly limits the classification to that time period.
- 42. (B) Section 447 uses the words 'imprisonment of either description', so the provision itself specifies that phrase to describe the kind of imprisonment that may be imposed.
- 43. (B) Section 449 targets the act of "commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with death," which focuses on the trespass done with that purpose; it does not require the subsequent offence to have been actually committed.
- 44. (A) The provision states the offender "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine." Thus the correct punishment is imprisonment (either description) up to two years plus liability to fine.
- 45. (B) The wording "having made preparation" denotes that the person committed house-trespass after (i.e., having already) made such preparation. Thus the provision contemplates prior preparation for causing hurt, assault, wrongful restraint or putting in fear.
- 46. (C) The language "in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment" shows the statute targets the act done with that purpose; it does not require the intended offence actually be completed.
- 47. (A) Section 456 expressly refers to "lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night," so it applies to those two night-time offences specifically.
- 48. (D) The text requires "lurking house‑trespass by night, or house‑breaking by night in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment." Thus both the night‑time trespass/breaking and the purpose to commit an imprisonable offence are required; actual commission of the intended offence is not stipulated.
- 49. (B) Section 459 refers to causing grievous hurt, or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt; it does not explicitly state 'causing death'. Therefore, based solely on the provision's wording, causing death is not expressly covered unless it is framed as grievous hurt or an attempt as described.
- 50. (B) The section specifically refers to ‘any closed receptacle’ and prescribes punishment for breaking open or unfastening such a closed receptacle. The text therefore requires the receptacle to be closed.