Fundamental Rights vs Fundamental Duties
The 42nd Amendment added Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A) to balance the Fundamental Rights. Both matter, but they work very differently.
| Dimension | Fundamental Rights | Fundamental Duties |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Part III (Articles 12–35) | Part IVA (Article 51A) |
| Added by | Original Constitution | 42nd Amendment, 1976 (on Swaran Singh Committee) |
| Enforceable? | Yes — justiciable | No — not directly enforceable |
| Owed by / to | Held by individuals against the State | Expected of every citizen |
| Count | Six categories of rights | Eleven duties |
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